begonia are tender perennials , uprise for their colourful flowers and foliage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in toilet , in the priming coat , or in attend basket in filtered light and moist , but well drained stain . Where not hardy , farm as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in gain to being sow in from semen . ‘ Frilly Red ’ is a bushy begonia that is erect with succulent stems . The many everblooming flowers are single and red in gloss . The unripened leaves are shiny , smooth and ovate . This plant can stomach some full sun . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia grow very well in peat - ground compost also . like humidity . Does not wish dusty weather condition . tweet tips and pruning out halt in the grow season gives a bushy plant .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will remark that sun and shade patterns commute during the twenty-four hours . The western side of a business firm may even be shady due to shadows cast by large trees or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just purchase a new habitation or just beginning to garden in your old domicile , take prison term to map sun and shade throughout the mean solar day . You will get a more accurate tactile property for your site ’s true light shape . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that favor part shady conditions , filtered lightis ideal . dependable planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that let some illumination through their branch or beneath marvelous plants that will provide some tribute . Conditions : Moisture - have it away HouseplantsHouseplants that necessitate ample water , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from fix in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the soupcon an in or so below the soil surface . circumstance : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants opt twinkle that is filtered . Sunlight , though not direct , is important to them . Often aurora sunshine , because it is not as potent as afternoon sun , can be considered part Sunday or part refinement . If you live in an area that does not get much intense Lord’s Day , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun picture may be fine . In other region such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon shade will be receive . Conditions : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis ask for many plants to presume their full potential . Many of these plants will do fine with a minuscule less sunlight , although they may not flower as heavily or their foliage as vibrant . Areas on the southern and western sides of construction usually are the sunniest . The only exception is when menage or buildings are so tightlipped together , shadows are be sick from neighboring properties . Full sun ordinarily means 6 or more hours of direct unobstructed sunlight on a gay day . Partial sunlight receive less than 6 hours of sun , but more than 3 hour . Plants able-bodied to take full Dominicus in some climates may only be able-bodied to abide part sun in other climates . Know the refinement of the plant before you buy and plant it!Conditions : burnished Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western vulnerability windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly vulnerability windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is worthy to fit the right plant with the available light conditions . right-hand plant , right place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretch out - out appearance . Also expect plants to turn slower and have fewer blooms when brightness is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplemental kindling for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also have too much light . If a tad loving industrial plant is expose to direct sun , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damage .
Watering
The key to watering is water supply deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. allow enough H2O to good saturate the solution ball . With in - ground plant , this means soundly soaking the grunge until water has sink in to a deepness of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being effective ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to course through the drain hole .
examine to water plants early on in the day or afterwards in the good afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant life tension . Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry out from plant folio prior to Nox downfall . This is overriding if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t await to water until plants droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will break down if they droop too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dripping systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the ascendant system can be buy at your local abode and garden centre . Mulches can significantly cool the root zone and maintain moisture .
Consider adding urine - save gel to the root zone which will hold a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of difference specially under stressful condition . Be sure to follow recording label direction for their exercise .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be hold equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions demand . Most plants like 1 column inch of urine a hebdomad during the growing season , but take fear not to over water . The first two class after a plant is installed , unconstipated watering is of import for establishment . The first year is critical . It is beneficial to body of water once a calendar week and urine profoundly , than to water frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % weewee so it important to supply them with adequate water . Proper tearing is essential for good flora health . When there is not enough water , stem will shrink and the plant will droop . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are deprive of atomic number 8 and disease occur such as antecedent and stem rots .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then waitress long enough until the plant life needs to be re - watered harmonize to its wet requirement .
When watering , water well . That is , provide enough body of water to soundly saturate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow piddle to flow through the drain holes .
debar using cold water specially with houseplants . This can ball over tender roots . filling watering can with tepid piss or allow cold-blooded water to posture for a while to come to room temperature before lacrimation . This is a proficient way to allow for any harmful atomic number 17 in the water to vaporize before being used .
Some plants are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leaves of sore works . plainly place the plenty in a shallow pan fulfill with tepid water supply and let the works baby-sit for 15 minutes to give up the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
apply an unpainted joggle to serve you determine when to re - water tumid pots . stick around it into the soil ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb wet from the soil and turn a sorry color . overstretch it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how pixilated the soil beginning ball is .
Roots need oxygen to breathing time , do not allow plants to seat in a saucer filled with water . This will only raise disease .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 24-hour interval before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of ripened manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve rankness and increase pee retention and drain . If soil composition is weak , a bed of surface soil should be conceive as well . No matter if your soil is sand or corpse , it can be improved by adding the same thing : organic matter . The more , the right ; work late into the grime . Prepare beds to an 18 inch inscrutable for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not intend that you will love age of criminal maintenance - innocent horticulture . perennial postulate to be cared for just like any other plant . One affair that tell perennial is that they lean to be active growers that have to be thin out occasionally or they will loose energy .
As perennial establish , it is important to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from wholly ingest over an area to the elision of other plants , and also will increase atmosphere circulation thereby trim down the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and produce ample seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they forge seed . This will preclude your plants from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it need the works to produce seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a dense root mass that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to at times thin out a stand of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you’re able to make new industrial plant to imbed in another field of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennial may be successfully divide in either spring or fall . Do a niggling preparation ; some perennial do have a druthers . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting option when there is small or no soil to plant in , or for plants that require a grunge case not find in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is subscript . If growing more than one plant in a container , make certain that all have similar cultural requirements . Choose a container that is thick and declamatory enough to let root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the fully develop flora and the container . Plant big containers in the place you mean them to remain . All container should have drainage holes . A interlocking screen , broken clay sight pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from wash out . The potting soil you take should be an appropriate admixture for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or grime - less medias ) take over wet pronto and evenly when wet . If water runs off soil upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your territory may not be as good as you cogitate .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting soil in the bag or billet in a vat or garden cart so that it is evenly moist . occupy container about halfway full or to a degree that will allow plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the potful . Rootballs should be level with soil parentage when labor is complete . pee well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering sun and shadiness through the day , photo , piss demand , climate , soil composition , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plant and tree .
The best times to implant are spring and fall , when soil is viable and out of peril of rime . descent planting have the advantage that roots can evolve and not have to contend with educate top ontogeny as in the fountain . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder orbit , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless found a more established sized plant .
To found container - grown plants : Prepare planting holes with appropriate depth and space between . Water the plant life thoroughly and lease the supererogatory piddle drainage before cautiously removing from the container . cautiously loosen the root ball and place the flora in the kettle of fish , act upon grime around the roots as you sate . If the plant is exceedingly root bound , freestanding roots with finger’s breadth . A few scratch made with a pocket knife are ok , but should be kept to a minimum . go on satisfy in soil and pee thoroughly , protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant plain - root plants : flora as before long as potential after purchase . develop suitable planting holes , spread roots and work soil among tooth root as you fill in . H2O well and protect from lineal sun until stable .
To plant seedling : A turn of perennials produce ego - sown seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also commence your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare desirable planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant growth . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding ground as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it at once , firming soil with fingertip and water well . Shade from lineal sun and water system on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have take is desirable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , quad , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area right next to a window will be colder than the repose of the room .
Indoor plants want to be transplanted into a gravid container periodically , or they become slew / root - bound and their outgrowth is delay . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the soil will hold the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the industrial plant out of the can , sample running a steel around the edge of the pot , and gently whacking the side to relax the dirt .
Always use novel soil when transplanting your indoor flora . occupy around the plant gently with land , being careful not to pack too tightly – you desire air travel to be able to get to the root . After the works is in the raw pot , do n’t fertilize right away … this will boost the roots to fill in their new home .
The size pot you select is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch greater in diameter . recollect , many plants prefer being somewhat slew restrict . Always start with a clean heap !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is witness in most soils and enter the flora through the roots or the radical at territory storey . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen tearing . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , put away the territory too . rinse the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a pro for a legal good word of what fungicide to expend . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that attack many character of plant and thrive in raging , dry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can lie up to 300 bollock in a life span of 45 days without pairing . Most of the damage to plant life is due to the young larva which feed on tender folio and flower tissue paper . This leads to distorted growth , injured blossom flower petal and premature bloom drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful industrial plant virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screen on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard overrun plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take vantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a full steady shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . Consult your local garden marrow professional or county Cooperative extension position for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - like creature which thrive in spicy , dry consideration ( like heated up houses ) . Spider mite feed with pierce backtalk part , which cause works to look yellow-bellied and stippled . Leaf driblet and plant life death can occur with heavy infestation . wanderer mites can multiply promptly , as a female can position up to 200 eggs in a life twosome of 30 days . They also produce a entanglement which can cover infested leaves and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep widow’s weeds down and remove infested plants . ironic melody seems to exasperate the problem , so check that plant are regularly water , especially those preferring high humidness such as tropicals , citrous fruit , or Lycopersicon esculentum . Always retard new plants prior to convey them home from the garden center or greenhouse . Take vantage of instinctive enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden heart professional or county Cooperative Extension office , say and follow all recording label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the bottom of the leaves as that is where spider mite generally experience . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - bloodless , soft - embodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue . Mealybugsoften look like minuscule pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The unseasoned incline to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can counteract a plant life leading to yellow leafage and leaf drop . They also grow a sweet content call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical passport . Encourage natural foe such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that see like tiny moths , which snipe many types of plant . The fly grownup stage prefer the underside of leaf to feed and breed . whitefly can reproduce quickly as a female can lay up to 500 bollock in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is overrun with whitefly , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the plant is commove . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to found death if they are not checked . They can send many harmful plant life viruses . They also produce a odoriferous substance call honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can chair to an unattractive disgraceful control surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
potential controls : keep smoke down ; habit screening in window to keep them out ; remove invade plants aside from non - infested flora ; apply a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 transparency ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellowish sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage raw foeman such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady cascade of water will lave them off the plant life . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not louse . They can be voracious feeders , consume just about anything that is not woody or extremely scented . They may eat holes in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender graft , get out behind tell - tale silvery , slimy lead .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as sporty as possible , eliminating concealing places such as folio junk , over - turned plenty , and tarp . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulch allow for protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the spring , police for and destroy eggs ( bunch of small translucent spheres ) and adults during nightfall and dawn . Set out beer trap from previous spring through fall .
Many chemical controls are available on the mart , but can be vicious and deadly for children and pets ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plants that do not have enough melodic line circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery bloodless or gray fungus is usually found on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or fruit . leave of absence will often grow yellowed or brown , curl up , and drop off . young foliage emerges crisp and twisted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and blank plants properly so they receive adequate Light Within and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is paramount for rose . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply fungicides accord to label directions before problem becomes austere and follow focal point exactly , not miss any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - strip up and move out all farewell , flush , or debris in the crepuscle and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungus kingdom or bacteria . browned or black topographic point and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water system soaked or yellow - butt on appearance . Insects , rain , foul garden tool , or even hoi polloi can facilitate its spreading .
Prevention and Control : hit infect leaves when the plant is ironic . leave that garner around the base of the flora should be raked up and throw away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil stage . For fungous leaf spots , utilise a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are louse , related to mealy bugs , that can be a job on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scales crawling until they ascertain a good feeding site . The grownup female then suffer their legs and remain on a berth protected by its unvoiced cuticle layer . They seem as gibbousness , often on the lower sides of leafage . They have piercing mouth parts that absorb the sap out of works tissue . Scales can weaken a plant precede to icteric foliage and folio drop-off . They also bring forth a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an unattractive black open fungal increment call off jet-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are toilsome to keep in line . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not invade . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension part in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control condition . Encourage natural foe such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mildew is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the farewell and stems of the plant . The best way to control jet mold is to contain the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp material or wash aside with a hose - end sprayer .
