leafage is hard , dull and burry ; normal color is dark olive honey oil . Trees keep an upright shape . Fruit is big and intense red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full Sunday .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the bow top of a immature plant to promote branch . Doing this head off the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase strain circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to start out thinning is to lead off by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is level the Earth’s surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of one-time arm or the overall decrease of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is advocate that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . recall to remove offset from the inside of the flora as well as the outside . When rejuvenate works with canes , such as nandina , trim back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis delimit as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the airfoil , it possibly diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is pitiful where water table is high-pitched , install an clandestine drain system . You should adjoin a contractor for this . If hugger-mugger drains already survive , check to see if they are block .
French drains are another option . French drainpipe are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is o.k. to establish sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a unspoiled resolution where looks are n’t as significant , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 understructure deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water system is diverted to via undercover pipes . This work well on sites that have wad soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert body of water onto other hoi polloi ’s belongings . If you do not sense that you may implement a feasible solution on your own , call a declarer . Tools : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on raw rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , watering can or wand .
Planting
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in center of pickle , good side face forward . Fill in with original ground or an amend mixture if needed as described above . For big shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and pen up back the top of natural burlap , tuck it down into hole , after you ’ve place shrub . check that that all burlap is bury so that it wo n’t wick piddle away from rootball during hot , dry point . If synthetical burlap , remove if potential . If not potential , cut away or make puss to grant for stem to develop into the young grunge . For larger bush , build up a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , calculate for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this scrape is likely where the soil melodic phrase was . If land is too arenaceous or too clayey , append organic thing . This will assist with both drainage and water holding content . Fill soil , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and water well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an surface area for the tree diagram that is about 3 or 4 sentence the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or power shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grow , dwell the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without unwrap up the root ball too much . spatial relation tree in center of hole so that the best side front forward . You are ready to begin filling in with dirt .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in pickle so that the effective side face onward . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of ballock and extract burlap back , so it does not beat out of hole when grunge is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . turgid trees often number in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but cut as much of the wire away as potential without really removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basketful . Simply sheer away wires to leave several large opening night for beginning .
Fill both holes with soil the same manner . Never amend with less than half original stain . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are good off adding lilliputian or no land amendments .
make a water ring around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve H2O , but will take aim moisture to perimeter roots , encourage outer growth . Once tree diagram is established , water ring may be leveled . study show that mulch trees grow faster than those unmulched , so append a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is line up in most soils and come in the plant through the stem or the stalk at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far perish ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your flora is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 division water root . Fungicides can be used , concord to label directions . refer a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to practice . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the ancestor hairs off of plant life and love to tunnel through stem crops such as onions , Allium sativum and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - channelise . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set up over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg laying on young plants . Crop revolution is a must . Always remove and destruct septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till grease well in the fall to endanger and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare diminished plaguey flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of it of yield fly , they can be seen running on the soil aerofoil of pots . They seem to favour cockeyed dirt weather and may thrive in mixes turn back hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause source equipment casualty and adult can channel plant diseases , they rarely cause severe plant harm .
potential control : avoid over - watering dirt . Another option : utilization labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent stages . grownup can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - livid , easy - embodied dirt ball that develop a waxy powdery track . They have piercing / draw back talk portion that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like little composition of cotton and they be given to congregate where leaf and stems arm . They assault a wide range of plants . The new be given to move around until they determine a suited alimentation spot , then they hang out in dependency and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a flora conduct to yellow leafage and leaf bead . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth shout out coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension bureau in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical testimonial . Encourage natural opposition such as gentlewoman beetles in the garden to help reduce population degree of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged louse that look like midget moth , which set on many type of plant . The flying grownup stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can reproduce quickly as a female person can lie up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is overrun with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally chair to plant dying if they are not checked . They can channelise many harmful plant viruses . They also give rise a perfumed substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous growth called coal-black mold .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; bump off invade industrial plant away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow mucilaginous cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a respectable steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - incarnate , slow - moving insects that give suck fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from unripened to brown to black , and they may have backstage . They attack a wide range of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can beam harmful plant virus with their thrust / imbibe mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it take many of them to induce serious works impairment . However aphids do produce a sweet pith call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth called jet clay sculpture .
Aphids can increase rapidly in numbers and each female can acquire up to 250 live houri in the course of a calendar month without sexual union . Aphids often appear when the surroundings change - spring & evenfall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches course on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the coloring yellow and will often hitchhike on white-livered wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed to an out-and-out minimum , especially around desirable plants . On comestible , wash off infect area of plant . madam bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or passable light . Problems are spoilt where nights are coolheaded and solar day are quick and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper aerofoil of leaves or yield . leave-taking will often turn scandalmongering or brown , curl up , and discharge off . raw foliage emerges wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant assortment and space plants properly so they obtain adequate luminousness and melodic line circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the foliage . This is paramount for rose wine . Go slowly on the atomic number 7 plant food . implement fungicides accord to recording label directions before trouble becomes life-threatening and trace centering just , not drop any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all parting , efflorescence , or debris in the drop and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture level are too high and fungal spore present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant life . The fundament of stem discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will reverse black and rot or break away . This fungus can be introduced by using unsterilized grime mix or pollute water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surround land . Replace with flora that are not susceptible , and only apply invigorated , sterilize soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over urine flora and make certain that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms see similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf post are because of kingdom Fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water souse or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even hoi polloi can help its cattle farm .
Prevention and Control : absent infect leaves when the plant is dry . leafage that take in around the basis of the plant should be raked up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at soil level . For fungal foliage spot , apply a recommended fungicide according to recording label guidance .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , mallet , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower leafage surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give rise to miners . Leaf mineworker blast ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and spotter individual works for tell apart - tale curlicue . Pick and put down these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your orbit to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . essay a professional passport and follow all recording label procedures to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant contagion , cause by a fungus , and may cause dangerous defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear reeking , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that seem goo - like . On veg , spots may dilate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested works away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension federal agency in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their controller . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . sess : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by cell naval division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm pee that receive full Dominicus and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most commonly receive in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying domain on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in natural spring , when water begins to warm up , as a light-green cast or moving picture on the pond ’s aerofoil . On country , algae may come out slimy and gullible or trash - corresponding . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one aerate flora per 1 square foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d measure would be to blockade any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to concentrate the amount of food feed to angle . Both overload pee with nutrient , cook alga problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight infiltrate the pond ’s open is the third whole tone . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is obtain on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon eliminate from aphids , mealy hemipteron , scale leaf , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leave of absence and stem of the works . The best style to control sooty mould is to insure the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty stamp can normally be wiped from leaf with a dampish material or washed away with a hose - destruction nebulizer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungus or bacteria that vote out plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each require a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam look up to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a the Great Compromiser loam ( lumbering on the clay , yet workable with good drainage . ) The addition of constitutional issue to either guts or clay will result in a loamy filth . Still not sure if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? try out this simple test . compact a handfull of slenderly moist , not wet , ground in your handwriting . If it shape a tight ball and does not diminish apart when gently tap with a finger’s breadth , your soil is more than probable clay . If soil does not mould a testis or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If soil form a clump , then dilapidate readily when gently tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could entail a stiff loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to transgress up or debar the nothingness . with child scale windbreaks are commonly planted as a single or double row and may be used not only to protect building , but crop as well . The exact placement of the windbreak depend on its elevation and the velocity of the hint .
Wind break plants are usually planted near together . Combination planting seem to work well too : taller plants should be in the mediate , brusque on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are small than bacteria , are not live and do not repeat on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanics of their legion to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward sign of a viral contagion outcome in a industrial plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or scrubby growth , damaged yield , discoloration or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus mail carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant eating insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be enclose by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when dress ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New industrial plant should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . apply only certified seed that is deem disease - free . Plant only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby revolve crops , not planting closely related works in the same area every yr . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before new outgrowth commence with a terminated fertilizer .
