gillyflower are one of the biggest and secure lines of cut flowers in the international bloom deal . Most specie of Dianthus ( carnations ) originate in the Mediterranean area of Europe and into western Asia but are now produce really worldwide in commercial-grade floriculture .
Carnations run to do best in cooler climate but can be successfully produce in cool highland regions of the tropics . However , successful commercial cultivation in these inherently high rain areas necessitate culture under undecided - sided plastic shelter , assailable - terminate poly - tunnels , or tad netting where hot Dominicus rather than gravid rain is a problem , to protect the quality of fragile blossom .
Of course , the ideal manner to produce carnation disregardless of run climate and conditions is within environmentally control greenhouses . Ideal climatical requirements for carnations are a cool climate with a daytime temperature of 18 to 24 ° C and a night - clock time temperature of 10 to 15 ° C . The most suitable Relative Humidity ( R.H. ) hang within the 70 - 75 % scope . Under environmentally controlled conditions carnation can be successfully grown throughout the year . Well - drained red loamy soil with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 are ideal .
The carnationLeaves on the clove pink plant are typically narrow and gray - green in colour with a waxy surface . bloom may be produced singly or in clustering or cyme of up to five flower head teacher . Flower diameter may lay out from one to five centimetres depend on mintage and whether crops are mature for individual , large stock salad days or sprays . Many traditional varieties ( cultivar ) have a superb , clove - like scent although now fall behind from many modern varieties as plant breeders keep to take heavily for other character like plant vigor and bloom petal color .
Standard carnations come in a genuinely striking kitchen stove of colouration . The range of colours in commercial carnation is really spacious with almost every conceivable range of red , pink , purplish , orange , yellow-bellied , as well as blank , and with bicolour type more and more popular . As an example , a choice of the most pop variety by colour and grown for production of standard clove pink blooms in India are Domingo ( red ) , Baltico ( white ) , Dona ( pink ) , Diana ( yellow ) and Solar ( orange ) .
Dianthus caryophyllus crop require rigid sustenance to bar the plants from flex .
Propagation and planting of carnationsTerminal cuttings for propagation are treat with the industrial plant hormonal cookery NAA ( Naphthalene Acetic Acid ) at a concentration of 500 ppm for five minute to induce the formation of adventitious roots . Cuttings are dipped in a liquid readying of an appropriate antimycotic to protect the newly planted cutting off from grime - borne fungal pathogen and disease . press cutting are planted in previously prepared raise soil beds of 90 to 100 cm wide and 30 to 45 curium in tiptop high at intervals of 90 cm . flora space comprise six rows of plants with rows 15 curium apart and 15 cm between plants in the same row . This should establish a plant density of 25 plants per square meter . Planted carnation film editing should have developed a sound root arrangement and be well established within three weeks of planting . recommend grow conditions within this vital flora establishment period are daytime temperature 20 to 25 ° C ; Nighttime temperature 10 to 15 ° C , with an R.H. of 50 to 60 % and a decisive photoperiod of 13 hours . tearing is via micro - irrigation ( trickle irrigation arrangement ) with drippers space every 30 cm to birth five to 6 l / m2/24 - hour day . Soluble nutrients can be applied as a fertigation intervention through the micro - irrigation system . Carnations require the full chain of macronutrients ( NPK ) , junior-grade or meso - nutrients such as magnesium ( Mg ) and touch elements ( micronutrient ) including boron ( B ) . Carnations have a reputation for display a in high spirits susceptibility to boron ( B ) lack .
Support , feast ( pinching ) and disbuddingCarnation crops call for secure support without which the plants will bend during ontogenesis and cause flower damage . Ideal support systems comprise alloy wires interwoven with a nylon mesh , and secured every two metres to strong wooden poles slip in in the ground . Those at each ending of the bed should be particularly strong and rigid . The metal conducting wire is secured in good order around and along the length with nylon wires interwoven between the wire in the form of a cyberspace . For optimum backing , increase the breadth of the mesh can be used .
depend on the extent of crop paste required then a single , one and a half or double - apprehension method is adopted to remove the shoot tips . Irrespective of the method used early first light is the idealistic clip to carry out pinching .
Flower constitution to harvestFlower geological formation starts 120 day after embed and will continue at a commercial-grade pace for up to 18 months . Standard carnation blooms are picked when the out petals unfold nearly vertical to the stem which is the so - called ‘ paint brush ’ stagecoach . Spray type gillyflower blooms are glean when two flowers in the spray are open and the other buds are displaying some corolla ( petal ) colour . Blooms are picked daily to leave the basal ( bottom ) five nodes of the stems for next emergence through the ontogeny of side shoot .
